Lesson Note On Surveying – Introduction
Introduction to
Surveying
Surveying
Surveying is the art of
determining the relative positions of different objects on the surface and
below the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal and vertical
distances between them and by preparing a map to any suitable scale. Thus in
discipline, the measurements are taken in the horizontal plane alone.
determining the relative positions of different objects on the surface and
below the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal and vertical
distances between them and by preparing a map to any suitable scale. Thus in
discipline, the measurements are taken in the horizontal plane alone.
Levelling is the art of
determining the relative vertical distances of different points on the surface
of the earth. Therefore, in levelling, the measurements are taken only in the
vertical plane.
determining the relative vertical distances of different points on the surface
of the earth. Therefore, in levelling, the measurements are taken only in the
vertical plane.
Objective of surveying
The aim of surveying is
to prepare a plan or map to show the relative positions of the objects on the
surface of the earth. The map is drawn to some suitable scale .It shows the
natural features of a country such as towns, villages, roads, railways, rivers,
etc. Maps may also include details of different engineering works, such as
roads, railways, irrigation, canals, etc.
to prepare a plan or map to show the relative positions of the objects on the
surface of the earth. The map is drawn to some suitable scale .It shows the
natural features of a country such as towns, villages, roads, railways, rivers,
etc. Maps may also include details of different engineering works, such as
roads, railways, irrigation, canals, etc.
Uses of surveying
Surveying may be used
for the following various applications.
for the following various applications.
To prepare a
topographical map which shows the hills, valleys, rivers, villages, towns,
forests ,etc. of a country.
topographical map which shows the hills, valleys, rivers, villages, towns,
forests ,etc. of a country.
To prepare a cadastral
map showing the boundaries of fields, houses, and other properties.
map showing the boundaries of fields, houses, and other properties.
To prepare an engineering
map showing details of engineering works such as roads, railways, reservoirs,
irrigation canals, etc.
map showing details of engineering works such as roads, railways, reservoirs,
irrigation canals, etc.
To prepare a military
map showing the road and railway communications with different parts of a
country. Such a map also shows the different strategic points important for the
defence of a country.
map showing the road and railway communications with different parts of a
country. Such a map also shows the different strategic points important for the
defence of a country.
To prepare a contour map
to determine the capacity of reservoir and to find the best possible route for
roads, railways, etc.
to determine the capacity of reservoir and to find the best possible route for
roads, railways, etc.
To prepare a geological
map showing areas including underground resources exist.
map showing areas including underground resources exist.
To prepare an
archeological map including places where ancient relics exist.
archeological map including places where ancient relics exist.
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