Cosine Rule
The formulas for Cosine rule are;
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc Cos A OR
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac Cos B OR
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab Cos C
Note;
Where A, B and C represent angles and a, b and c represent sides.
Examples;
1.
Solution
Step 1
Identify the sides of each angle A, B and C. Take note, the side a particular angle is facing belong to it.
a = ycm, b = 3cm, c = 5cm and A = 1020.
From Cosine Rule;
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc Cos A
Step 2
Substitution;
y2 = 32 + 52 – 2(3) (5) Cos 1020
y2 = 9 + 25 – 30 (- 0.2079)
y2 = 34 + 6.2374
y2 = 40.2374
2.
Solution
Step 1
Identify the sides of each angle A, B and C. Take note, the side a particular angle is facing belongs to it.
Where a = 3cm, b = 2cm, c = xcm and C = 800
From Cosine Rule;
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab Cos C
Substitution;
x2 = 32 + 22 – 2 (3) (2) Cos 800
x2 = 9 + 4 – 12 (0.1736)
x2 = 13 – 12 X 0.1736
x2 = 13 – 2.0832
x2 = 10.1968
3. In a triangle ABC, a = 7.92m, c = 8.44m and B = 151.30. Calculate |AC|.
Solution
Step 1
Draw a triangle representing all the given sides and angles. Take note, the side a particular angle is facing belongs to it.
a = 7.92m, b = ?, c = 8.44m and B = 151.30.
From Cosine Rule;
b2 = a2 + c2 -2ac Cos B
|AC|2 = 7.922 + 8.442 – 2 (7.92) (8.44) Cos 151.30
|AC|2 = 62.7264 + 71.2336 – 133.6896 (-0.8771)
|AC|2 = 133.96 + 117.2653
|AC|2 = 251.2253
Practice these questions below;
Calculate the length of the side opposite the given angle in each of triangles ABC given below;
5. In a triangle ABC, if a = 7.2cm, A = 720 and b = c. Find b.