3.
Intervisibility and Hights of Stations:
For indivisibility of two stations they should be fixed on
highest available ground. Such as mountain peaks rides or top of hills when
the distance b/t the two stations is great and the difference in elevation
b/t them is small then it is necessary to raise both the instrument and
signal to overcome the curvature of the earth and to clear all the
intervening obstruction.
The height of both the instrument and signal above the ground
depends upon.
Distance between the stations- Relative
elevations of stations
- The profile of
intervening ground
3. 1. Distance between
stations:
If the intervening ground is free any obstruction, the distance
of a visible horizon form a station of known elves above datum as well as the
elves of the signal while may be just visible at a given distance can be
determine from the formula. 
Where
H = ht.
of station above a datum
D = Dist from the station to point of tangent
R = mean radius of earth
M = co-efficient of refraction (0.07 for sight over land and 0.08 for sights
over water)
D1 and R being expressed in same units. Alternatively, if ‘h’ is
in meter and D1 is in kilometer then
H (m) = 0.0673 D12 (km) ==> (A)
Or
H (ft) = 0.574 D1 (miles) ==> (B)
D1 and D2 can be determined and dist b/t two stations will be
(D1+ D2)
3. 2. Relative elevations of
stations:
A and B are the two stations
D = dist b/t A and B in km
Ha = known elev of ‘A’ above a datum
H = required elev of ‘B’ above a datum
D1 = distance (km) of ‘A’ from pt of tangency (p)
D2 = distance (km) of ‘B’
Dist D1 can be calculated. Hence the required elev, h = 0.0673
D2
Ha = 0.0673 D12 or
h = 0.0574 D22 (miles)
 Or 
Now D2 = D – D1
Height or signal / Tower/ scaffold a B = Elev of datum + h – R.L
of st B elev of line sight
NOTE:
The line of sight should not be near the surface of ground at pt
of tangency on account of strata of disturbed air and should be kept at least
2m (61) above the ground permeably 3m (1D) and this allowance (clearance)
should be made in deterring the heights of stations.
3. 3. Profile of intervening ground:
If the peaks in the intervening ground are likely to obstruct,
the line of sight, their elevations and locations must be determined.
Procedure:
The elevation of line of sights at the respective points can be
computed and the results compared with the ground elevation at those points
to determine weather the line of sight clears all the intervening
obstruction.
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